Denis Matringe, an Indian scholar, is a research director at the CNRS and a member of the Center for Indian and South Asian Studies (EHESS-CNRS). He has published Sassī, by Hāśam Śāh, an 18th-century text presented, translated from Punjabi and annotated, bilingual edition, Paris, Langues et Mondes, 2004, – Les Sikhs. Histoire et tradition des « Lions du Panjab », Paris, Albin Michel, “Planète Inde”, 2008, – and Littérature, histoire et religion au Panjab, 1890-1950, Paris, Collège de France, 2009.